Glossary of terms A-Z

Adopting legitimation means that, through interaction with others, one takes part in their negative perception and view of another, and makes it one's own. One understands and supports the other's negative actions towards them. One perceives negative actions taken against one, to which one would otherwise react, as legitimate, because one has taken part in another's perception that the person subjected to the negative actions, for various reasons, deserves it or gets what is expected.

An activity plan is a written plan, which shows:

• What problem(s) need to be solved.
• What measures has the kindergarten or school planned to solve the problem?
• When the measures will be implemented.
• Who is responsible for implementing them.
• When the measures should be evaluated.

The obligation to create an activity plan is triggered at the same time as the obligation to take action. That is, when the kindergarten or school becomes aware that a child does not feel safe and comfortable in their kindergarten or school.

The activity plan should be a living document and updated as the case develops or changes.

The activity plan must be in writing and verifiable. The kindergarten and school must fulfill the activity obligation in consultation with the children involved and their parents.

The duty to take action is triggered when the kindergarten or school becomes aware that a child does not feel safe and comfortable in their kindergarten or school. It is the child's subjective experience of their everyday life that should be used as the basis for determining whether the child is safe and comfortable or not. The child's experiences should be listened to, acknowledged, acknowledged and respected. There is no reason to evade the duty to take action by explaining away or questioning the child's subjective experiences. This also applies even if we as employees of the kindergarten or school have a different opinion than the child.

The term behavior means what we do, that is, our actions.

The authoritative adult role is a description of an adult role where the adult takes a professional and conscious role towards the children, with a good balance between warmth and control. The authoritative adult role has qualities such as predictability, security, good framework and positive boundary setting.

To trivialize means to make something less important or to reduce the significance of something. When someone tells you about something they find difficult, and we make the experience less important by, for example, saying, "That's how everyone experiences it, you can handle it," we are simultaneously saying that what the other person experienced is not that dangerous or that very important. We are trivializing it.

The phrase kindergarten, school and upbringing environment embraces the entirety of the child's upbringing environment, and points out that what happens in kindergarten or school, and outside of school, is connected for the child, and is part of the entirety of the child's life.

Kindergarten owner refers to the municipality, as the local kindergarten authority. It is the kindergarten owner who is responsible for approval of and supervision of the kindergartens. It is the kindergarten owner who is responsible for the provision in the individual kindergarten. The kindergarten owner is the authority responsible for ensuring that the kindergarten is run in accordance with applicable laws and regulations.

The Convention on the Rights of the Child is an international human rights convention that gives children a special legal status. The Convention on the Rights of the Child states that all children in the world have the right to special protection. The countries that have joined the Convention on the Rights of the Child must follow what it says. The Convention on the Rights of the Child is superior to all national and local laws and regulations. This means that the Convention on the Rights of the Child applies, regardless. Norway is obliged to follow the Convention on the Rights of the Child.

The Kindergarten Act, Chapter VIII, came into force at the turn of the year 2021. It gives all children in kindergarten an individual right to have a safe, good and health-promoting kindergarten environment. The Kindergarten Act, Chapter VIII, imposes a number of duties on all employees in kindergarten, as a tool to ensure that all children are safe and well in their kindergarten. All employees in kindergarten must know and understand their obligations and responsibilities under the Kindergarten Act, Chapter VIII, and comply with them in their daily work. The kindergarten owner is responsible for ensuring that all employees meet this requirement.

Child perspective refers to the attitudes and understanding we as adults have towards children. The attitudes and understandings we have largely influence our actions and how we meet children. Child perspective is both a question of values and a question of knowledge. Competence and understanding are key words for a positive child perspective. The attitudes towards children that we carry with us influence our feelings towards children. Our feelings are the most important motivation and initiator of behavior. A positive child perspective is therefore a very important characteristic for the professional adult.

When children or parents talk in conversations or at meetings about how the child experiences their daycare, school or upbringing environment, we should listen, acknowledge, acknowledge and respect the child's experiences. If we are concerned with explaining the child's experiences with our own understanding, explaining ourselves or others, or explaining the circumstances, it will often be experienced as an excuse. This can work against the goal of listening, acknowledging, acknowledging and respecting.

(Dodge, 1991; Roland and Idsøe, 2001) is defined as a stable tendency to react with outward aggression to achieve social gains.

This is a form of instrumental aggression (Vitaro and Brendgen, 2005). Instrumental aggression can be understood on two levels.

Level one is about the aggressive action (e.g. exclusion), which then at level two constitutes an “instrument” to achieve a positive effect (e.g. belonging). Humiliating another person can be seen as an aggressive power dominance which in turn provides the person performing it with a stimulus.

https://www.uis.no/nb/sinne-og-aggresjon-hos-barn-og-unge#/

A bully is a student who in some situations appears to engage in negative behavior towards others, but who in other situations is also exposed to bullying behavior from other students (Felipe, García, Babarro & Arias, 2011)